Osteoarthritis affects over 500 million people worldwide, making it one of the most common joint disorders. Often called “wear-and-tear” arthritis, it happens when the cartilage in your joints gradually breaks down, leading to pain, stiffness, and reduced mobility.
While osteoarthritis is more common in older adults, it doesn’t discriminate. Younger people can develop it too, especially after injuries or due to genetic factors. Your joints might be trying to tell you something—this blog will help you understand what’s going on and, more importantly, what you can do about it. Let’s break down the signs, causes, and ways to manage osteoarthritis effectively.
What is osteoarthritis?
Osteoarthritis is a degenerative joint condition that develops when cartilage—the smooth, protective tissue that cushions the ends of bones—breaks down over time. Without this cushioning, bones rub against each other, leading to pain, stiffness, swelling, and reduced mobility. It’s often referred to as “wear-and-tear” arthritis, as it typically worsens with age or joint overuse.
Unlike rheumatoid arthritis, which is an autoimmune condition causing inflammation, osteoarthritis is primarily a mechanical issue related to joint wear and injury. While rheumatoid arthritis often affects the same joints on both sides of the body, osteoarthritis is more likely to occur in specific, high-use joints, such as the knees, hips, hands, and spine.
The progression of osteoarthritis can vary from person to person. In its early stages, symptoms may be mild and occasional. However, as the condition advances, it can lead to chronic pain, joint deformity, and significant mobility limitations. Understanding the symptoms and how this condition affects specific joints is key to managing and slowing its impact on your overall joint health.
What are your joints telling you? Recognising the symptoms
Your body has a way of communicating when something isn’t right, and the symptoms of osteoarthritis are often clear signals that your joint health needs attention. Recognising these early signs can make a big difference in managing the condition.
One of the most common symptoms is joint pain, which often starts as a dull ache and worsens with activity. This pain tends to improve with rest but can become persistent as osteoarthritis progresses. Stiffness, especially in the morning or after periods of inactivity, is another hallmark sign. You may feel like your joints need time to “wake up” before moving freely.
Swelling in the joints is also common, caused by inflammation or excess fluid buildup. Some people notice a creaking or grating sensation, known as crepitus, when moving affected joints. This sound often comes from roughened cartilage or bone-on-bone contact. Loss of flexibility, making it harder to bend, straighten, or rotate a joint, is another symptom to watch for.
What causes osteoarthritis?
Osteoarthritis develops when the cartilage that cushions your joints breaks down, leaving bones to rub against each other. This degeneration is often gradual, but several factors can accelerate or trigger the process.
Age is one of the leading causes, as cartilage naturally wears down over time. Repetitive stress from certain occupations or high-impact activities can also weaken joints, as can injuries like fractures or ligament tears. A history of joint trauma significantly increases the likelihood of developing osteoarthritis in that area later on.
Genetics play a role too. If you have a family history of arthritis, you may be more likely to develop the condition yourself. Obesity is another significant risk factor, as excess weight places additional strain on weight-bearing joints like the knees and hips, speeding up cartilage breakdown.
Certain occupations and sports that involve repetitive motions or heavy lifting can also increase joint stress over time, further contributing to the wear and tear of cartilage. Understanding these risk factors can help you take preventative steps, like maintaining a healthy weight, protecting joints during physical activity, and seeking early treatment for injuries. By addressing the causes, you can take control of your joint health before osteoarthritis progresses.
Managing osteoarthritis – Treatment options
Osteoarthritis may not have a cure, but there are plenty of ways to manage its symptoms and improve your joint function. By combining lifestyle changes, medications, and other treatments, many people can reduce pain, maintain mobility, and improve their quality of life.
Lifestyle changes
Maintaining a healthy weight is one of the most effective ways to reduce stress on your joints, particularly weight-bearing ones like the knees and hips. Regular exercise, such as swimming, walking, or yoga, can strengthen the muscles around your joints, improve flexibility, and ease stiffness. Physical therapy is another valuable tool, offering personalised exercises and strategies to improve mobility and reduce discomfort.
Medications
Pain relievers like acetaminophen or NSAIDs (non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs) can help manage symptoms during flare-ups, but it’s essential to consult with a doctor or medical professional before starting any medication. For more targeted relief, joint injections of corticosteroids can reduce inflammation, while hyaluronic acid injections may improve lubrication and cushioning in the joint. Your healthcare provider can help determine the most appropriate treatment options based on your specific needs and medical history.
Supplements
Supplements such as glucosamine and chondroitin are popular among people with osteoarthritis. While their effectiveness can vary, some studies suggest they may help reduce pain and improve joint function. Always consult your doctor before adding supplements to your routine to ensure they’re safe and appropriate for you.
Surgical options
In severe cases, when other treatments don’t provide relief, surgical options may be necessary. Procedures like joint replacement surgery can restore mobility and significantly reduce pain for those with advanced osteoarthritis. Your doctor can help determine if surgery is the right choice based on your symptoms and joint health.
How HIF supports members with osteoarthritis
HIF understands the impact osteoarthritis can have on your daily life and is here to help you manage the condition with tailored support. Through the Joint, Bone & Muscle Care Program , HIF offers practical solutions to improve mobility, reduce pain, and enhance your quality of life.
Access to Allied Health Services
Managing osteoarthritis often requires a team of experts, and HIF’s programs provide benefits for services like physiotherapy, chiropractic care, and osteopathy. These therapies are designed to relieve pain, improve joint mobility, and slow the progression of osteoarthritis. With access to skilled professionals, HIF members can take proactive steps to manage their joint health effectively.
Rebates on Key Treatments
Ongoing osteoarthritis care can be costly, but HIF helps ease the financial burden by offering rebates on certain treatments and therapies. These rebates can help make it easier for members to access essential services, and focus on improving their health without the added stress of high out-of-pocket expenses.
Focus on Preventive Care
Prevention is at the heart of HIF’s approach to osteoarthritis management. The program encourages early intervention through regular exercise, weight management, and other lifestyle changes that protect joint health and reduce arthritis-related symptoms. By prioritising prevention, members can maintain their mobility and minimise the long-term impact of the condition. To learn more about how HIF can support your joint health, visit the Joint, Bone & Muscle Care program.
Holistic Health Support
Osteoarthritis management goes beyond treating symptoms. HIF’s wellness initiatives promote a balanced lifestyle with practical tips for low-impact exercises, reducing joint strain, and maintaining a healthy weight. This holistic approach empowers members to take control of their condition and improve their overall well-being.
FAQs about osteoarthritis symptoms and treatment
Here are some of the most frequently asked questions about osteoarthritis treatment, symptoms, and more.
How to stop osteoarthritis from progressing?
Osteoarthritis progression can be slowed with lifestyle changes and proper care. Maintaining a healthy weight reduces joint stress, while regular low-impact exercises like swimming or walking improve joint function. A balanced diet rich in anti-inflammatory foods, such as fish, nuts, and leafy greens, supports joint health. Avoiding overuse of affected joints and consulting a doctor for targeted treatments, like physical therapy or medications, can also help slow progression.
Is osteoarthritis considered a disability?
Osteoarthritis can be considered a disability if it significantly limits mobility or daily activities. In Australia, eligibility for disability support depends on the severity of symptoms and their impact on your ability to work or perform essential tasks. Consulting a healthcare provider or disability services can help you understand your options.
What is the main cause of osteoarthritis?
The main cause of osteoarthritis is the breakdown of cartilage in joints. This can occur due to age, repetitive joint use, or injuries. Risk factors include being overweight, having a family history of osteoarthritis, or engaging in activities that put excessive stress on certain joints.
What is the number one worst food for arthritis?
Foods that are high in trans fats, like fried or processed items, are among the worst for arthritis. These foods can increase inflammation, worsening arthritis symptoms. Avoiding sugary drinks, refined carbs, and processed meats can also help reduce inflammation and support joint health.
What should you not do if you have osteoarthritis?
If you have osteoarthritis, avoid activities that put excessive strain on your joints, such as high-impact exercises or repetitive motions. Sitting for extended periods can also worsen stiffness and pain. Stay away from inflammatory foods like fried or sugary items, and always consult your doctor before starting new treatments or supplements.
Our Closing Thoughts
Living with osteoarthritis can be challenging, but understanding your condition and taking proactive steps can make a world of difference. From recognising the early signs to exploring treatment options and lifestyle changes, there’s so much you can do to maintain mobility and improve your quality of life. Whether it’s incorporating low-impact exercise, managing your weight, or seeking professional therapies, every small effort adds up to big improvements in joint health.
At HIF, we’re here to support you every step of the way. Through initiatives like our Joint, Bone & Muscle Care Program, we aim to make managing osteoarthritis easier, more accessible, and affordable for our members.