Heat Stroke in Dogs - A Veterinarian's Perspective

Understanding Heat Stroke 

Heat stroke, or heat exhaustion, occurs when a dog’s body temperature rises to dangerously high levels, typically above 39°C. Unlike humans, dogs do not have efficient cooling systems. They primarily regulate their body temperature through panting and a small number of sweat glands located in their paw pads. This makes them particularly susceptible to overheating, especially in hot and humid conditions. 

Causes of Heat Stroke 

Several factors contribute to the likelihood of a dog suffering from heat stroke. The most common are: 

1. Environmental Conditions: High temperatures and humidity levels can hinder a dog’s ability to cool down effectively. 

2. Excessive Exercise: Engaging in vigorous activity during peak heat can lead to overheating. 

3. Brachycephalic Breeds: Dogs with shorter noses, like Bulldogs and Pugs, have a higher risk due to their compromised ability to breathe and regulate temperature. 

4. Obesity and Health Issues: Overweight dogs or those with pre-existing health conditions may struggle more with temperature regulation. 

5. Inadequate Shelter: Leaving a dog in a hot car, yard, or confinement without adequate shade or water can rapidly contribute to heat stroke. 

Recognising Symptoms 

Awareness of heat stroke symptoms is essential for early intervention. Key signs to watch for include: 

• Excessive panting 

• Drooling 

• Rapid heart rate 

• Weakness or lethargy 

• Vomiting 

• Diarrhoea 

• Seizures 

• Unconsciousness 

If you notice these symptoms, it is crucial to act quickly as heat stroke can progress to organ failure, brain damage, and death. 

Preventing Heat Stroke 

Prevention is always better than cure. Here are several strategies to help keep your dog safe during hot weather: 

1. Limit Outdoor Activity: Avoid excessive exercise during the hottest part of the day, typically between 10 AM and 4 PM. Opt for early morning or late evening walks when temperatures are cooler. 

2. Provide Plenty of Water: Ensure your dog has constant access to fresh water. Hydration is key in preventing overheating. 

3. Create a Cool Environment: Provide shaded areas in your yard and ensure your dog has access to air-conditioned spaces indoors. A shallow kiddie pool can also be a fun way for them to cool off. 

4. Know Your Dog's Limits: Be aware of your dog’s individual health needs, weight, and breed disposition. Certain dogs may require additional precautions. 

Treatment for Heat Stroke 

If you suspect your dog is experiencing heat stroke, immediate action is critical.  

• Move them to a cool shaded spot and offer cool water to drink. Dousing them with cool running water also helps lower their temperature. 

• Avoid covering the dog with wet towels and using ice or extremely cold water, all of which can delay heat loss.  

• Arrange to take your dog to a veterinarian as soon as possible.  

Conclusion 

Heat stroke is a serious condition that can have dire consequences for dogs, but with proper awareness and preventive measures, it can be avoided. Take proactive steps to protect our four-legged friends this summer, that way everyone (human and hound) can enjoy it!